一次简单的Oracle恢复Case

某网友的数据库由于坏盘了，并且存储掉电，导致数据库无法open了。单看其数据库alert log的错误来看，是非常之简单的，如下:

Fri Oct 26 10:33:53 2018
Recovery of Online Redo Log: Thread 1 Group 3 Seq 39 Reading mem 0
Mem# 0: /fs/fs/oradata/orcl/redo03.log
Block recovery stopped at EOT rba 39.77.16
Block recovery completed at rba 39.77.16, scn 0.1002048587
ORACLE Instance orcl (pid = 8) - Error 600 encountered while recovering transaction (9, 30) on object 9149.
Fri Oct 26 10:33:53 2018
Errors in file /fs/fs/oradata/admin/orcl/bdump/orcl_smon_192644.trc:
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [6856], [0], [43], [], [], [], [], []
Fri Oct 26 10:33:56 2018
Errors in file /fs/fs/oradata/admin/orcl/bdump/orcl_smon_192644.trc:
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [4194], [33], [36], [], [], [], [], []
Doing block recovery for file 2 block 713
Block recovery from logseq 39, block 82 to scn 1002048595

对于这种错误，很明显，屏蔽回滚段即可，屏蔽之后可顺利打开数据库，不过后面很快又会crash掉，因此重建undo也就绕过这个问题了。

打开数据库之后，再去观察数据库，会发现alert log有不少的错误，如下所示：

Fri Oct 26 11:01:46 2018
Errors in file /fs/fs/oradata/admin/orcl/bdump/orcl_mmon_385148.trc:
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [17147], [0x110549070], [], [], [], [], [], []
Fri Oct 26 11:01:46 2018
Errors in file /fs/fs/oradata/admin/orcl/bdump/orcl_m001_373218.trc:
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [kdddgb5], [196650], [0], [], [], [], [], []
ORA-600 encountered when generating server alert SMG-4120
Fri Oct 26 11:01:47 2018
Errors in file /fs/fs/oradata/admin/orcl/bdump/orcl_mmon_385148.trc:
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [KGHALO4], [0x11047F6F0], [], [], [], [], [], []
ORA-600 encountered when generating server alert SMG-4121
Fri Oct 26 11:01:48 2018
Errors in file /fs/fs/oradata/admin/orcl/bdump/orcl_mmon_385148.trc:
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [KGHALO4], [0x11047F6F0], [], [], [], [], [], []
ORA-600 encountered when generating server alert SMG-4121
Fri Oct 26 11:01:50 2018
Errors in file /fs/fs/oradata/admin/orcl/bdump/orcl_m001_373218.trc:
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [kdddgb5], [196650], [0], [], [], [], [], []
Fri Oct 26 11:02:22 2018
Errors in file /fs/fs/oradata/admin/orcl/bdump/orcl_mmon_385148.trc:
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [17114], [0x110549070], [], [], [], [], [], []
Fri Oct 26 11:02:23 2018
Errors in file /fs/fs/oradata/admin/orcl/bdump/orcl_mmon_385148.trc:
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [kebm_mmon_main_1], [39], [], [], [], [], [], []
ORA-00039: error during periodic action
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [17114], [0x110549070], [], [], [], [], [], []
Fri Oct 26 11:03:30 2018
Restarting dead background process MMON

除此之外，由于之外alert log有坏块报错，因此对system进行了dbv检查，发现确实存在少量坏块，如下：

DBVERIFY: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Fri Oct 26 10:37:20 2018

Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

DBVERIFY - Verification starting : FILE = system01.dbf

DBV-00200: Block, DBA 4255202, already marked corrupt
Block Checking: DBA = 4258751, Block Type = KTB-managed data block
data header at 0x11022a05c
kdbchk: fsbo(596) wrong, (hsz 4178)
Page 64447 failed with check code 6129
Block Checking: DBA = 4259386, Block Type = KTB-managed data block
**** kdxcofbo = 208 != 24
---- end index block validation
Page 65082 failed with check code 6401
Block Checking: DBA = 4269609, Block Type = Unlimited data segment header
Incorrect extent count in the extent map: 16777317
Block Checking: DBA = 4269612, Block Type = KTB-managed data block
**** kdxcofbo = 224 != 216
---- end index block validation
Page 75308 failed with check code 6401
Block Checking: DBA = 4269615, Block Type = KTB-managed data block
**** actual rows locked by itl 2 = 1 != # in trans. header = 0
---- end index block validation
Page 75311 failed with check code 6401
Page 85271 is influx - most likely media corrupt
Corrupt block relative dba: 0x00414d17 (file 1, block 85271)
Fractured block found during dbv:
Data in bad block:
type: 6 format: 2 rdba: 0x00414d17
last change scn: 0x0000.3afaf495 seq: 0x1 flg: 0x04
spare1: 0x0 spare2: 0x0 spare3: 0x0
consistency value in tail: 0xfe830601
check value in block header: 0x96c6
computed block checksum: 0x3c6b

Page 85383 is influx - most likely media corrupt
Corrupt block relative dba: 0x00414d87 (file 1, block 85383)
Fractured block found during dbv:
Data in bad block:
type: 6 format: 2 rdba: 0x00414d87
last change scn: 0x0000.3b6b9d19 seq: 0x1 flg: 0x06
spare1: 0x0 spare2: 0x0 spare3: 0x0
consistency value in tail: 0x970f0601
check value in block header: 0xe825
computed block checksum: 0x3c6b

DBVERIFY - Verification complete

Total Pages Examined : 640000
Total Pages Processed (Data) : 116312
Total Pages Failing (Data) : 1
Total Pages Processed (Index): 65914
Total Pages Failing (Index): 3
Total Pages Processed (Other): 64634
Total Pages Processed (Seg) : 0
Total Pages Failing (Seg) : 0
Total Pages Empty : 393138
Total Pages Marked Corrupt : 3
Total Pages Influx : 2
Highest block SCN : 1002028510 (0.1002028510)

这部分错误，其实处理起来也不困难，部分是业务表的index，但是其他的几乎都是AWR相关基表，有2个坏块跟是system相关的基表和索引，分别是I_H_OBJ#_COL#和COM$ ，HISTGRM$。

对于业务索引，很简单，直接drop 重建即可，对于这个sys的index，可以通过设置38003 event进行drop重建。

对于基表COM$,HISTGRM$，由于是非bootstrap$核心对象，其实也可以处理掉的。

不过考虑到这种毕竟是存储掉电，undo异常的情况，还是重建库更稳妥一些。最后补充一点，这个库稍微有点奇葩的地方是全库1.2TB，其中有个表的LOB自动980GB，重建数据库是相对较慢的。对于大表，且有LOB自动，通常建议基于分片，否则会报ORA-01555错误的，如下是常用的一个基于rowid的分片脚本，供大家参考：

set verify off

undefine rowid_ranges

undefine segment_name

undefine owner

set head off

set pages 0

set trimspool on

select 'where rowid between ''' ||

       sys.dbms_rowid.rowid_create(1, d.oid, c.fid1, c.bid1, 0) ||

       ''' and ''' ||

       sys.dbms_rowid.rowid_create(1, d.oid, c.fid2, c.bid2, 9999) || '''' || ';'

  from (select distinct b.rn,

                        first_value(a.fid) over(partition by b.rn order by a.fid, a.bid rows between unbounded preceding and unbounded following) fid1,

                        last_value(a.fid) over(partition by b.rn order by a.fid, a.bid rows between unbounded preceding and unbounded following) fid2,

                        first_value(decode(sign(range2 - range1),

                                           1,

                                           a.bid +

                                           ((b.rn - a.range1) * a.chunks1),

                                           a.bid)) over(partition by b.rn order by a.fid, a.bid rows between unbounded preceding and unbounded following) bid1,

                        last_value(decode(sign(range2 - range1),

                                          1,

                                          a.bid +

                                          ((b.rn - a.range1 + 1) * a.chunks1) - 1,

                                          (a.bid + a.blocks - 1))) over(partition by b.rn order by a.fid, a.bid rows between unbounded preceding and unbounded following) bid2

          from (select fid,

                       bid,

                       blocks,

                       chunks1,

                       trunc((sum2 - blocks + 1 - 0.1) / chunks1) range1,

                       trunc((sum2 - 0.1) / chunks1) range2

                  from (select /*+ rule */

                         relative_fno fid,

                         block_id bid,

                         blocks,

                         sum(blocks) over() sum1,

                         trunc((sum(blocks) over()) / &&rowid_ranges) chunks1,

                         sum(blocks) over(order by relative_fno, block_id) sum2

                          from dba_extents

                         where segment_name = upper('&&segment_name')

                           and owner = upper('&&owner'))

                 where sum1 > &&rowid_ranges) a,

               (select rownum - 1 rn

                  from dual

                connect by level <= &&rowid_ranges) b

         where b.rn between a.range1 and a.range2) c,

       (select max(data_object_id) oid

          from dba_objects

         where object_name = upper('&&segment_name')

           and owner = upper('&&owner')

           and data_object_id is not null) d

/