本站文章除注明转载外,均为本站原创: 转载自love wife & love life —Roger 的Oracle技术博客
Oracle 12.1.0.2版本了引入了一个非常牛叉的功能,即In Memory option,这是十分具有诱惑力的,针对这个重大的变化,我会进行一个系列文章的分析,这是第一篇。
首先,我们来尝试下In Memory option功能。
[oracle@ora12012 ~]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba" SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.2.0 Beta on Tue Jul 29 05:30:26 2014 Copyright (c) 1982, 2014, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Beta With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> select open_mode from v$database; OPEN_MODE -------------------- READ WRITE SQL> select * from v$option where PARAMETER like '%In-Memory%'; PARAMETER VALUE CON_ID -------------------------------- ------------------- ---------- In-Memory Column Store TRUE 0 In-Memory Aggregation TRUE 0 SQL> select name,open_mode from v$pdbs; NAME OPEN_MODE ------------------------------ ---------- PDB$SEED READ ONLY PDBORCL READ WRITE KILLDB READ WRITE SQL> conn roger/roger@killdb Connected. SQL> create table t_memory as select * from dba_objects; Table created. SQL> select owner,table_name,INMEMORY,INMEMORY_DISTRIBUTE from dba_tables where table_name='T_MEMORY'; OWNER TABLE_NAME INMEMORY INMEMORY_DISTRI ---------- ------------------------------ -------- --------------- ROGER T_MEMORY DISABLED SQL> set autot on SQL> select count(1) from T_MEMORY; COUNT(1) ---------- 90922 Execution Plan ---------------------------------------------------------- Plan hash value: 620019089 ----------------------------------------------------------------------- | Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Cost (%CPU)| Time | ----------------------------------------------------------------------- | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | 416 (1)| 00:00:01 | | 1 | SORT AGGREGATE | | 1 | | | | 2 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| T_MEMORY | 90922 | 416 (1)| 00:00:01 | ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Statistics ---------------------------------------------------------- 2 recursive calls 0 db block gets 1529 consistent gets 1525 physical reads 0 redo size 544 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client 551 bytes received via SQL*Net from client 2 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client 0 sorts (memory) 0 sorts (disk) 1 rows processed SQL> select count(1) from T_MEMORY; COUNT(1) ---------- 90922 Execution Plan ---------------------------------------------------------- Plan hash value: 620019089 ----------------------------------------------------------------------- | Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Cost (%CPU)| Time | ----------------------------------------------------------------------- | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | 416 (1)| 00:00:01 | | 1 | SORT AGGREGATE | | 1 | | | | 2 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| T_MEMORY | 90922 | 416 (1)| 00:00:01 | ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Statistics ---------------------------------------------------------- 36 recursive calls 0 db block gets 1575 consistent gets 1525 physical reads 0 redo size 544 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client 551 bytes received via SQL*Net from client 2 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client 5 sorts (memory) 0 sorts (disk) 1 rows processed
未启用in Memory 特性之前,大家可以看到执行计划是上述这样的,虽然SQL执行过一次了,然而再次执行仍然会有不少的代价,下面我们来看下开启in Memory 特性后的情况。首先我们来了解下in Memory option相关的几个参数:
SQL> show parameter inmemory NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ inmemory_clause_default string inmemory_force string DEFAULT inmemory_max_populate_servers integer 0 inmemory_query string ENABLE inmemory_size big integer 100M
这里针对in memory option的几个参数进行简单说明:
inmemory_size:该参数可以在cdb或pdb级别进行设置,即In memory column store的内存区域。
inmemory_force:该参数默认值为default,表示Oracle仅仅通过对象的inmemory或no inmemory特殊来决定是否启用in memory column store特性。
inmemory_max_populate_servers:表示后台启动多少个进程来加载数据到memory中。对于多core(多cpu)的系统来讲,可以设置相对大一点。
inmemory_query: 表示In memory query是否被启动,默认为enable。
还有有一个参数:OPTIMIZER_INMEMORY_AWARE,表示Oracle CBO是否参考in memory column store功能。这里Oracle的官方文档描述其实有误。
这个参数在12.1.0.2中其实是一个隐含参数:
SQL> show parameter OPTIMIZER_INMEMORY NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ _optimizer_inmemory_access_path boolean TRUE _optimizer_inmemory_autodop boolean TRUE _optimizer_inmemory_aware boolean TRUE _optimizer_inmemory_bloom_filter boolean TRUE _optimizer_inmemory_gen_pushable_preds boolean TRUE _optimizer_inmemory_minmax_pruning boolean TRUE _optimizer_inmemory_pruning_ratio_rows integer 100 _optimizer_inmemory_quotient integer 0 _optimizer_inmemory_table_expansion boolean TRUE
从这部分隐含参数,我们其实可以大概看出来12c中的优化器的一些机制。下面再调整下另外一个参数,注意这个参数只能在CDB级别进行调整。
SQL> conn /as sysdba Connected. SQL> alter system set inmemory_max_populate_servers=2 scope=spfile; System altered. SQL> shutdown immediate Database closed. Database dismounted. ORACLE instance shut down. SQL> startup ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 637534208 bytes Fixed Size 2919088 bytes Variable Size 478152016 bytes Database Buffers 46137344 bytes Redo Buffers 5468160 bytes In-Memory Area 104857600 bytes Database mounted. SQL> alter table t_memory INMEMORY; Table altered. SQL> select count(1) from T_MEMORY; COUNT(1) ---------- 90922 Execution Plan ---------------------------------------------------------- Plan hash value: 620019089 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Cost (%CPU)| Time | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | 416 (1)| 00:00:01 | | 1 | SORT AGGREGATE | | 1 | | | | 2 | TABLE ACCESS INMEMORY FULL| T_MEMORY | 90922 | 416 (1)| 00:00:01 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Statistics ---------------------------------------------------------- 332 recursive calls 0 db block gets 1872 consistent gets 1534 physical reads 0 redo size 544 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client 551 bytes received via SQL*Net from client 2 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client 22 sorts (memory) 0 sorts (disk) 1 rows processed SQL> SQL> set autot off SQL> select owner,table_name,INMEMORY,INMEMORY_PRIORITY,INMEMORY_DISTRIBUTE,INMEMORY_COMPRESSION 2 from dba_tables where table_name='T_MEMORY'; OWNER TABLE_NAME INMEMORY INMEMORY INMEMORY_DISTRI INMEMORY_COMPRESS ---------- ------------------------------ -------- -------- --------------- ----------------- ROGER T_MEMORY ENABLED NONE AUTO FOR QUERY LOW SQL> set autot on SQL> select count(1) from T_MEMORY; COUNT(1) ---------- 90922 Execution Plan ---------------------------------------------------------- Plan hash value: 620019089 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Cost (%CPU)| Time | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | 16 (0)| 00:00:01 | | 1 | SORT AGGREGATE | | 1 | | | | 2 | TABLE ACCESS INMEMORY FULL| T_MEMORY | 90922 | 16 (0)| 00:00:01 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Statistics ---------------------------------------------------------- 187 recursive calls 0 db block gets 151 consistent gets 1 physical reads 0 redo size 544 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client 551 bytes received via SQL*Net from client 2 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client 16 sorts (memory) 0 sorts (disk) 1 rows processed
我们可以看到如果你开启了in memory option的话,那么SQL的执行代价确实要少很多,优势比较明显。然而,这里不知道大家
注意到了没有? 为什么开启了in memory 特性之后,再次执行SQL时,还有一个物理读呢?
对于In memory Option这里有几种属性:
1) IM Column Store Compression Methods
2) IM Column Store Data Population Options
对于In Memory column store compression来讲,又分为几种情况,上面的FOR QUERY LOW 就是默认行为. 根据官方文档的描述分为如下几种:
NO MEMCOMPRESS : 即存在In memory内存中的该对象的列数据是不会被压缩的。
MEMCOMPRESS FOR DML: 这种属性的设置下可以优化DML操作以及最小程度的压缩In memory column store的数据。
MEMCOMPRESS FOR QUERY LOW: 这是默认设置,Oracle认为这是最利于查询性能的设置。这种情况下数据的压缩比例是介于FOR DML 和 QUERY HIGH之间的.
MEMCOMPRESS FOR QUERY HIGH: 这种情况下查询性能也是相对较优的,列数据的压缩比例在FOR QUERY LOW 和 FOR CAPACITY LOW 两种默认之间。
MEMCOMPRESS FOR CAPACITY LOW:这种情况下也能获得不错的查询性能,数据压缩情况介于FOR QUERY HIGH和FOR CAPACITY HIGH之间。
MEMCOMPRESS FOR CAPACITY HIGH:这种情况下压缩比例是最高的,通常是不推荐的,没有性能上的优势。
对于IM Column Store Data Population Options来讲,这种属性的设置只能是对象级别,分别表级别或分区级别,不能进行column级别的设置。
PRIORITY NONE :即 不启用对象的PRIORITY特性。什么是PRIORITY呢,其实就是定义对象的活跃程度。
当达到一定的活跃程度之后,该对象会被放到in memory area中。默认情况下oracle不会启用这个属性,即默认为None。
PRIORITY LOW :表示启用priority特性,只是level较低,为low。
PRIORITY MEDIUM :表示启用priority特性,level介于LOW 和High之间. 目前暂时不知道oracle是如何来定义这个low,medium和high的。
PRIORITY HIGH :表示启用priority特性,level介于MEDIUM 和CRITICAL之间
PRIORITY CRITICAL:表示启用priority特性,level是最高的。
未完待续!
Related posts: